Its capital and largest city is Montevideo. [161] Freedom of speech and media are guaranteed by the constitution, with qualifications for inciting violence or "insulting the nation". The Colorado effort to reduce Blancos to only three departments caused a Blanco uprising of 1897, which ended with the creation of 16 departments, of which the Blancos now had control over six. "Eastern Republic of Uruguay" is the official name used in many United Nations publications in English, e.g. Most farms (25,500 out of 39,120) are family-managed; beef and wool represent the main activities and main source of income for 65% of them, followed by vegetable farming at 12%, dairy farming at 11%, hogs at 2%, and poultry also at 2%. The Administracin de Ferrocarriles del Estado is the autonomous agency in charge of rail transport and the maintenance of the railroad network. The percentage further increases to 82.4% when cattle breeding is linked to other farm activities such as dairy, forage, and rotation with crops such as rice. [168] In the rankings for June 2012, Uruguay were ranked the second best team in the world, according to the FIFA world rankings, their highest ever point in football history, falling short of the first spot to the Spain national football team. Despite this agreement, Colorado rule was threatened by the failed Tricolor Revolution in 1875 and the Revolution of the Quebracho in 1886. [150] [167] Uruguay has won the Copa Amrica (an international tournament for South American nations and guests) 15 times, such as Argentina, the last one in 2011. [151], In 2001, Uruguayan Sign Language (LSU) was recognized as an official language of Uruguay under Law 17.378. [162] Although it sells only about 16,000 copies a week, its estimated readership exceeds 50,000. Very little is known about the people who built them as they left no written record, but evidence has been found of agriculture and domesticated dogs. [34] The nation's first constitution was adopted on 18 July 1830.[32]. Montevideo, which was used as a supply station by the Brazilian navy, experienced a period of prosperity and relative calm during the war. [41], After the Guerra Grande, there was a sharp rise in the number of immigrants, primarily from Italy and Spain. [117] PLUNA was the flag carrier of Uruguay, and was headquartered in Carrasco. [25] Early classical music in Uruguay showed heavy Spanish and Italian influence, but since the 20th century a number of composers of classical music, including Eduardo Fabini, Vicente Ascone[es], and Hctor Tosar, have made use of Latin American musical idioms. ", "Total Fertility Rate around the world over the last centuries", "Uruguay Pew-Templeton Global Religious Futures Project", "Los uruguayos y la religin - Opcin Consultores - Portal de Opinin Pblica", "Encuesta Continua de Hogares 2008 Religion", "Armenian General Benevolent Union Publications", "UMM | Latin American Area Studies Countries", "Explore Uruguay About Uruguay Government", "Encuesta Continua de Hogares (ECH) Instituto Nacional de Estadstica", "Invest in Uruguay Unidad de Apoyo al Sector Privado", Uruguay, Secondary and technical education and teacher training support program, "Uruguay becomes first nation to provide a laptop for every primary school student", "Argentina, Uruguay bury hatchet to snatch tango honor", "Are You Ready For the Uruguayan Invasion? He has been serving as a member of the Twelfth Quorum of the Seventy in the Utah Area. Uruguay: A Country Study, 1990, Rex A. Hudson and Sandra W. Meditz, En el pas de las conquistas sindicales, Christophe Ventura, octubre de 2015, British army attempted to seize Buenos Aires and Montevideo, treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons, Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance, International Military Education and Training, United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan, Administracin de Ferrocarriles del Estado, "The Tale of Two Civil Societies: Comparing disability rights movements in Nicaragua and Uruguay", "Encuesta Continua de Hogares (ECH) - Instituto Nacional de Estadstica", "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2022", "Hace 13.000 aos cazadores-recolectores exploraron y colonizaron planicie del ro Cuareim", "Presentan tesis del nombre Uruguay Diario EL PAIS Montevideo Uruguay", "Uruguay, el pas de los pjaros pintados despierta la pasin por mirar", "Las estructuras tumulares (cerritos) del litoral atlantico uruguayo", "Uruguay and the memory of the Charra tribe ThePrisma.co.uk", "THE STRUGGLE FOR INDEPENDENCE, 181130 Uruguay", "BEGINNINGS OF INDEPENDENT LIFE, 183052 Uruguay", "THE STRUGGLE FOR SURVIVAL, 185275 Uruguay", "Caudillos and Political Stability Uruguay", "Evolution of the Economy and Society Uruguay", "THE CONSERVATIVE ADJUSTMENT, 193143 Uruguay", "Baldomir and the End of Dictatorship Uruguay", "Uruguay: Political and Economic Conditions and U.S. Relations", "Uruguay's Left Makes History by Winning Presidential Vote", "Uruguay elects Jos Mujica as president, polls show", "Same-sex marriage bill comes into force in Uruguay", "Tabare Vazquez wins Uruguay's run-off election", "Uruguay's new center-right president sworn in", "An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm", "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity Supplementary Material", "Tornado kills 4, injures hundreds in Uruguay", "Ola de calor: Florida registr un rcord histrico de temperatura", RECORDS METEOROLOGICOS EN EL URUGUAY Boletn Meteorolgico Mensual Direccin Nacional de Meteorologa, "Uruguay's Constitution of 1966, Reinstated in 1985, with Amendments through 2004", "Uruguay ushers in first conservative government in 15 years", "The Economist Intelligence Unit's Index of Democracy 2012", "Censos 2011 Instituto Nacional de Estadistica", "Uruguay marks distance from Argentina: UK does not come to plunder resources", "Mujica praises Argentina/Uruguay common past; calls for an end to 'ports' war', ''Clarn'': Hay 115 casos de dermatitis en un balneario ubicado frente a Botnia, "Uruguay and Argentina implement "scientific" accord for joint monitoring", Brazil and Uruguay step closer to integration, "Chavez and Mujica Meet and Sign Numerous Bilateral Agreements", "Chapter XXVI: Disarmament No. The airport can handle up to 4.5million users per year. Montevideo was founded by the Spanish in the early 18th century as a military stronghold in the country. [53], President Mujica backed Venezuela's bid to join Mercosur. English is common in the business world and its study has risen significantly in recent years, especially among the young. [51] Both presidents continued the economic structural reforms initiated after the reinstatement of democracy and other important reforms were aimed at improving the electoral system, social security, education, and public safety. Since its independence, the country has been known as "Repblica Oriental del Uruguay", which literally translates to "Republic East of the Uruguay [River]". [25] The candombe is a folk dance performed at Carnival, especially Uruguayan Carnival, mainly by Uruguayans of African ancestry. [146] In 1837 civil marriage was recognized, and in 1861 the state took over the running of public cemeteries. The formal coalition ended in November 2002, when the Blancos withdrew their ministers from the cabinet,[32] although the Blancos continued to support the Colorados on most issues. [73] The members of government are elected for a five-year term by a universal suffrage system. [23], In Spanish colonial times, and for some time thereafter, Uruguay and some neighboring territories were called Banda Oriental [del Uruguay] ("Eastern Bank [of the Uruguay River]"), then for a few years the "Eastern Province". [52], In 2010, Uruguay's export-oriented agricultural sector contributed to 9.3% of the GDP and employed 13% of the workforce. [84], Construction of a controversial pulp paper mill in 2007, on the Uruguayan side of the Uruguay River, caused protests in Argentina over fears that it would pollute the environment and lead to diplomatic tensions between the two countries. There were confrontations in which police and leftists died. [162] MercoPress is an independent news agency focusing on news related to Mercosur and is based in Montevideo. He was president of the Uruguay Montevideo West. [39] After two years of struggle, a peace agreement was signed in 1872 that gave the Blancos a share in the emoluments and functions of government, through control of four of the departments of Uruguay. [25] The guitar is the preferred musical instrument, and in a popular traditional contest called the payada two singers, each with a guitar, take turns improvising verses to the same tune.[25]. [42] Montevideo became a major economic center of the region and an entrept for goods from Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay. Minister of Economy and Finance Alejandro Vgh Villegas seeks to promote the financial sector and foreign investment. [111] Beef is the main export commodity of the country, totaling over US$1billion in 2006. [145] Under the influence of the Colorado politician Jos Batlle y Ordez (19031911), complete separation of church and state was introduced with the new constitution of 1917. [30][31] The Spanish arrived in present-day Uruguay in 1516. The people of this country are known to be warm, welcoming, and friendly. Uruguay (/jrwa/ (listen);[10] Spanish:[uuwaj] (listen)), officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay or the Eastern Republic of Uruguay (Spanish: Repblica Oriental del Uruguay), is a country in South America. Historical monuments such as Torres Garcia Museum as well as Estadio Centenario, which housed the first world cup in history, are examples. [19][20] The name could also refer to a river snail called urugu (Pomella megastoma) that was plentiful across its shores. With a peak of 50,000 during the mid-1960s, Uruguay has the world's highest rate of aliyah as a percentage of the Jewish population. Contents 1 Native 2 Colonization 3 Struggle for independence, 18111828 [122] Most of the country's domestic freight and passenger service is by road rather than rail. The first international match outside the British Isles was played between Uruguay and Argentina in Montevideo in July 1902. Officials of both countries emphasized the need to end this rivalry in the name of regional integration in 2010. Also notable are Juana de Ibarbourou (18951979), Delmira Agustini (18661914), Idea Vilario (19202009), and the short stories of Horacio Quiroga and Juan Jos Morosoli (18991959). The First Presidency of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints has called 164 new mission presidents and companions; most will begin service in July. Elder James W. McConkie III The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints [155], Uruguayan culture is strongly European and its influences from southern Europe are particularly important. [44] In 1933, Terra organized a coup d'tat, dissolving the General Assembly and governing by decree. [164] Uruguay won gold at the 1924 Paris Olympic Games[165] and again in 1928 in Amsterdam. It is a word in Guarani that was spoken by the natives of the area. limita al noreste con brasil estado de ro grande del sur , al oeste y suroeste con argentina provincias de corrientes, entre ros y buenos aires, y la ciudad autnoma de buenos aires (separada por And the most typical sweet is Alfajor, which is a small cake, filled with Dulce de leche and covered with chocolate or meringue, it comes in various types, fillings, sizes and brands. Uruguay hat im Norden eine 985 km lange Grenze mit Brasilien und im Westen eine 579 km lange Grenze mit Argentinien. Cultural experiences in Uruguay include exploring the country's colonial heritage, as found in Colonia del Sacramento. The official racial term on the Uruguayan census is "amarilla" or "yellow" in English, which refers to people of East Asian descent. His inauguration coincided with the effects of the Great Depression,[44] and the social climate became tense as a result of the lack of jobs. [66] These storms can be strong; they can bring squalls, hail, and sometimes even tornadoes. Numerous radio stations and musical events reflect the popularity of rock music and the Caribbean genres, known as msica tropical ("tropical music"). [115] Its quay can handle 14-metre draught (46ft) vessels. When a child remains in Uruguay for more than 365 days and is traveling with only one parent, traveling alone, or traveling with someone other than the parents, the minor child is required to have a Permiso de Menor (permission for a minor) issued by the Uruguayan National Immigration Directorate prior to departing Uruguay. [96][needs update], In 2004, the Batlle government signed a three-year $1.1billion stand-by arrangement with the International Monetary Fund (IMF), committing the country to a substantial primary fiscal surplus, low inflation, considerable reductions in external debt, and several structural reforms designed to improve competitiveness and attract foreign investment. There are still written tracts of the language in the Waldensians Library (Biblioteca Valdense) in the town of Colonia Valdense, Colonia Department. There are two Montevideo-based football clubs, Nacional and Pearol, who are successful in domestic and South American tournaments and have won three Intercontinental Cups each. Mate (drink) is the most typical beverage in Uruguay, being a portable beverage that Uruguayans take to all manner of places. [46] The media were censored or banned, the trade union movement was destroyed and tons of books were burned after the banning of some writers' works. WebUruguay Montevideo West Mission: 09/18/2022: Salem 12th: 7: Elder Stockton BLACK: Uruguay Montevideo Mission: 8: Sister Sydney Clark: Uruguay Montevideo Mission: 08/16/2021: 9: Uruguay Montevideo Mission: 04/14/2021: 19: Elder Grant Zimmerman: Uruguay Montevideo Mission: Highland: x Missionaries PDF. Venezuela had a deal to sell Uruguay up to 40,000 barrels of oil a day under preferential terms. [32] The CIA-backed campaign of political repression and state terror involving intelligence operations and assassination of opponents was called Operation Condor. [54] Vzquez stuck to economic orthodoxy. [36], In 1845, Britain and France intervened against Rosas to restore commerce to normal levels in the region. He was president of the Uruguay Montevideo Mission from 2016 to 2019. The Montevideo Gas Company and the Pluma airline were turned over to the private sector, but the pace of privatization slowed down in 1996. The area that became Uruguay was first inhabited by groups of huntergatherers 13,000 years ago. [121] Cargo trains would continue for loads more than 120 tons, but bus transportation became the "economic" alternative for travellers. Those guests may organize custom tours through the Destination Services Desk on board. [53] Commercial ties between the two countries have expanded substantially in recent years, with the signing of a bilateral investment treaty in 2004 and a Trade and Investment Framework Agreement in January 2007. [33] Artigas organized the Federal League under his protection, consisting of six provinces, four of which later became part of Argentina. The relationship between the United States and Uruguay is strong. The first Sanguinetti administration implemented economic reforms and consolidated democracy following the country's years under military rule.[32]. [80] Uruguay ranked 27th in the Freedom House "Freedom in the World" index. [134], From 1963 to 1985, an estimated 320,000 Uruguayans emigrated. [157] Nevertheless, a Carlos Gardel museum was established in 1999 in Valle Edn, near Tacuaremb.[158]. To the southwest is the Ro de la Plata, the estuary of the Uruguay River (which river forms the country's western border). Surfaced roads connect Montevideo to the other urban centers in the country, the main highways leading to the border and neighboring cities. In 1811, Jos Gervasio Artigas, who became Uruguay's national hero, launched a successful revolt against the Spanish authorities, defeating them on 18 May at the Battle of Las Piedras. [52] Low commodity prices and economic difficulties in Uruguay's main export markets (starting in Brazil with the devaluation of the real, then in Argentina in 2002), caused a severe recession; the economy contracted by 11%, unemployment climbed to 21%, and the percentage of Uruguayans in poverty rose to over 30%. [25], Uruguay has a small but growing film industry, and movies such as Whisky by Juan Pablo Rebella and Pablo Stoll (2004), Marcelo Bertalmo's Los das con Ana (2000; "Days with Ana") and Ana Dez's Paisito (2008), about the 1973 military coup, have earned international honours. [44] A new constitution was promulgated in 1934, transferring powers to the president. Progressive, stable, safe and culturally sophisticated, Uruguay offers visitors opportunities to experience everyday not made for tourists moments, whether Serving During: Group by Ward: [32] Uruguay's early 19th-century history was shaped by ongoing fights for dominance in the Platine region,[32] between British, Spanish, Portuguese and other colonial forces. The growth, use, and sale of cannabis was legalized on 11 December 2013,[110] making Uruguay the first country in the world to fully legalize marijuana. Punta del Este is situated on a small peninsula off the southeast coast of Uruguay. Maintain high level of inventory accuracy in high-volume automotive. Besides football, the most popular sport in Uruguay is basketball. [100] Poverty was reduced from 33% in 2002 to 21.7% in July 2008, while extreme poverty dropped from 3.3% to 1.7%. More than 97%[127] of Uruguay's electricity comes from renewable energy. "Kaufman, who spoke at the U.S. Congressional Hearings of 1976 on behalf of Amnesty International, estimated that one in every five Uruguayans went into exile, one in fifty were detained, and one in five hundred went to prison (most of them tortured)." [21], One of the most popular interpretations of the name was proposed by the renowned Uruguayan poet Juan Zorrilla de San Martn, "the river of painted birds";[22] this interpretation, although dubious, still holds an important cultural significance in the country. [50], A new constitution, drafted by the military, was rejected in a November 1980 referendum. [42] The economy reflected a steep upswing (if demonstrated graphically, above all other related economic determinants), in livestock raising and exports. [32] In December 2010, Uruguayan Major General Gloodtdofsky, was appointed Chief Military Observer and head of the United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan. [124] Namely, 17 destinations in Argentina[note 3]; 12 destinations in Brazil[note 5] and the capital cities of Chile and Paraguay. Uruguay is a diverse country full of a variety of cultures, foods, religions, arts, and sports, all coming together to form a unique national identity. [153], Public education is the primary responsibility of three institutions: the Ministry of Education and Culture, which coordinates education policies, the National Public Education Administration, which formulates and implements policies on early to secondary education, and the University of the Republic, responsible for higher education. Over 1,000,000 pictures National extreme temperatures at sea level are, 44C (111F) in Paysand city (20 January 1943) and Florida city (January 14, 2022),[71] and 11.0C (12.2F) in Melo city (14 June 1967). In March 2020, Uruguay got a conservative government, meaning the end of 15 years of left-wing leadership under the Broad Front coalition. [25] In 2017 the average total fertility rate (TFR) across Uruguay was 1.70 children born per woman, below the replacement rate of 2.1, it remains considerably below the high of 5.76 children born per woman in 1882. Meat being the principal dish, due to Uruguay being one of the world's largest producers of quality meat. [74][75] Many of its provisions were suspended in 1973, but re-established in 1985. WebAirplane Photos & Aviation Photos - View, Search, or Upload Photos! [25], Uruguay's best-known contemporary writer is Eduardo Galeano, author of Las venas abiertas de Amrica Latina (1971; "Open Veins of Latin America") and the trilogy Memoria del fuego (198287; "Memory of Fire"). [170] In 2010, the Uruguayan government enacted measures intended to retain players in the country. [32] Armed forces personnel number about 14,000 for the Army, 6,000 for the Navy, and 3,000 for the Air Force. [111], The tourism industry in Uruguay is an important part of its economy. On his first day in office in March 1985, Sanguinetti re-established complete freedom of the press. [53] Uruguay terminated the agreement in 2006 following the early repayment of its debt but maintained a number of the policy commitments. At the time of independence, Uruguay had an estimated population of just under 75,000. Another spoken dialect was the Patois, which is an Occitan dialect. In 2012 the sector was estimated to account for 97,000 jobs and (directly and indirectly) 9% of GDP. A general strike was called in 1992, and the privatization policy was widely rejected by referendum (71.6% against the privatization of telecommunications). [47] Most were killed in Argentina and other neighboring countries, with 36 of them having been killed in Uruguay. [18] The country has legalized cannabis, same-sex marriage, prostitution and abortion. The country experiences the four seasons, with summer being from December to March and winter from June to September. Die Kste ist 660 km lang. Casapueblo is a "livable sculpture" and draws thousands of visitors from around the world. [44], In 1938, general elections were held and Terra's brother-in-law, General Alfredo Baldomir, was elected president. Folk music is called canto popular and includes some guitar players and singers such as Alfredo Zitarrosa, Jos Carbajal "El Sabalero", Daniel Viglietti, Los Olimareos, and Numa Moraes. [100] Uruguay's exports markets have been diversified to reduce dependency on Argentina and Brazil. [73], Argentina and Brazil are Uruguay's most important trading partners: Argentina accounted for 20% of total imports in 2009. The Triple Alliance declared war on the Paraguayan leader Francisco Solano Lpez[37] and the resulting Paraguayan War ended with the invasion of Paraguay and its defeat by the armies of the three countries. [121] However, rail passenger commuter service into Montevideo was restarted in 1993, and now comprises three suburban lines. [56][57] Abortion was legalized in 2012,[58] followed by same-sex marriage[59] and cannabis in the following year. [25] The book continues to influence young writers. Blending elements of art and nature the work of the landscape architect Leandro Silva Delgado[es] has also earned international prominence. The law was voted at the Uruguayan Senate on the same date with 16 votes to approve it and 13 against. Today it is considered a dead tongue, although some elders at the aforementioned location still practice it. [43] Batlle had two terms (190307 and 191115) during which, taking advantage of the nation's stability and growing economic prosperity, he instituted major reforms, such as a welfare program, government participation in many facets of the economy, and a plural executive. It shares borders with Argentina to its west and southwest and Brazil to its north and northeast; while bordering the Ro de la Plata to the south and the Atlantic Ocean to the southeast. [135] The most popular destinations for Uruguayan emigrants are Argentina, followed by the United States, Australia, Canada, Spain, Italy and France. [66] According to the Kppen Climate Classification, most of the country has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa). The period marked the culmination of a process aimed at a neoliberal reorientation of the country's economy: deindustrialization, pressure on wages, growth of informal work, etc. WebUruguay le na pobe Atlantskho ocenu, v regionu Cono Sur. Between 1875 and 1890, the military became the center of power. Colorado Party candidate Jorge Batlle, aided by the support of the National Party, defeated Broad Front candidate Tabar Vzquez. [53] The economy contracted by 11%, and unemployment climbed to 21%. In 1806 and 1807, the British army attempted to seize Buenos Aires and Montevideo as part of the Napoleonic Wars. [25] Bsqueda is Uruguay's most important weekly news magazine and serves as an important forum for political and economic analysis. In exchange, those receiving the benefits were required to participate in community work, ensure that their children attended school daily, and had regular health check-ups. Download chapter PDF. A wave of bands appeared in Montevideo, including Los Shakers, Los Mockers, Los Iracundos, Los Moonlights, and Los Malditos, who became major figures in the so-called Uruguayan Invasion of Argentina. It remained subject to foreign influence and intervention throughout the 19th century, with the military playing a recurring role in domestic politics. He was elected President of the Neurological Society of India (1956), 21 vice-president of the WFN (1969-1973), and president of the World Congress of Neurology in New Delhi, 1989. [66] Summers are tempered by winds off the Atlantic, and severe cold in winter is unknown. At the other extreme, 38% of farmers exploit small lots and have herds averaging below one hundred head. [53], Following the 2001 Argentine credit default, prices in the Uruguayan economy made a variety of services, including information technology and architectural expertise, once too expensive in many foreign markets, exportable. [152] In the 2006 PISA test, Uruguay had one of the greatest standard deviations among schools, suggesting significant variability by socio-economic level. Covering an area of 176,000 sq.km, Uruguay is South America's 2nd smallest nation. 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