Indigenous People Culture & Movements | Who are Indigenous People? Advantages and disadvantages of multi party system: Multi-party system is a political system in which more than two political parties are allowed to exist and compete for gaining of political power and governing the country. These multi-party systems can lead to legislative gridlock because it becomes too hard to win a majority vote on any single issue, especially in proportional representation multi-party systems. It enhances regular and periodic elections for change of government. Waste of Resources: Due to the system all the political parties try to use government resources for their own benefit which can cause wastage of the resources. The inability to the ruling of the party to win a clear cut majority in the parliament in a multi party system gives room to bribery and Corruption in order to pass a bill. This leads to continuing presence of small parties. . All rights reserved. Electoral transparency: In this system, every party are given chance to fight for their own party and get maximum votes to win and due to this they promise the people many schemes to attract the voters. Though the Whig Party was able to earn much support in the U.S., debates over slavery within the party proved to be its ultimate downfall. The number of parties that can exist in a two-party system is not limited to only two parties. This encourages having a moderate viewpoint that appeals to a wide number of people. 2. Encourage democracy and ends dictatorship Members of special interest groups do not run for office; rather, they seek to align with a political party or specific candidate to have their interests prioritized in a given administration. Christian Democratic Union + Christian Social Union, a center-right party coalition inspired by Christian values. One advantage of this system within the U.S. is that the major parties have distinctly established identities and use them to provide information to constituents as a way of promoting the public good. The advantages and disadvantages of a multi-party system are a mirror view of those of the two-party system. Another example is South Africa, which since the transition to democracy in 1994 has been governed by the African National Congress. In a democratic country, political parties are organizations whose goal is to achieve and maintain political power through winning free and fair elections. Therefore, it leads to difficulty in formation of government. In a two-party system, a voter who supports the view of one party on one topic, but supports the view of the other party on another topic, is forced to compromise one of their views. The plurality rule, which is used in the U.S., dictates that the candidate that receives the most votes is the winner of an election. 4. In Bi-party system two major parties contest elections and make governments alternately and freely without the help of other. As we can see, there are many advantages and disadvantages of two-party and multi-party systems of government. 3. Since all the political parties want to win so they ensure the citizen by giving maximum benefits by showcasing the various schemes that attract people which benefits the parties."} Argentina, Armenia, Belgium, Brazil, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Ireland, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, the Philippines, Poland, Sweden, Tunisia, and Ukraine are examples of nations that have used a multi-party system effectively in their democracies. Electoral Systems Concept & Types | What is an Electoral System? It is a government that considers the choices and opinions of the people. Types of Political Parties Systems. Usually, it leads to the formation of a coalition government because it is difficult for a single political party to form or control the government. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. I have my own micronation and have been looking for how multi parties work, this will help a lot for instituting once the current Prime Ministers time runs out. Countries electing their legislative representatives via a majoritarian system, like the United States, are very likely to have a two-party system. The arguments against the system contributes to the reasons why most countries prefer a one party or two party system to a multi party system. Special interest groups can have damaging effects on political parties with the promise of campaign financing if their agenda is prioritized. Also see: Differences between unitary and federal system of government. In contrast, a majority system requires a candidate to win more votes than all other candidates combined, which fosters a multi-party system. In view of the above-mentioned advantages and disadvantages of the multiparty and two-party systems, it is not prudent to lay down a general rule concerning the desirability of a particular type of . In view of the above-mentioned advantages and disadvantages of the multiparty and two-party systems, ","acceptedAnswer": {"@type": "Answer","text":"There are four types of party systems one-party systems, two-party systems, multi-party systems and Dominant."} If a strong party wins then the other small parties can make a stronger party through a coalition which can sometimes be useful for the situation when it is difficult to form a government. weaknesses: difficult to win a majority, plurality so they must form . Reapportionment & Redistricting for Congressional Districts | How Are Seats in the House of Representatives Apportioned? Nearly all countries in Latin America and Europe (major exception being Britain) have a multi-party system. The two-party system is a deeply rooted feature of the American government. As we can see, there are many advantages and disadvantages of two-party and multi-party systems of government. It may lead to national disintegration: Due to the different political ideologies which the people have, there is usually a national disintegration. Can Create Violence: Due to so much competition between the political parties it causes disputes between them which also sometimes convert into violence. The First Battle of Bull Run | History, Significance & Aftermath. Multi-party system as Sartori defines is . The disadvantages of the multi-party system are as follow: In most cases, a single party do not get power alone and leads to difficulty in the formation of the government. These political parties link different branches of the government in all three levels: federal, state and local. When there are many parties vying for the ultimate goal of ruling the country, it can degenerate into an unhealthy rivalry among the various parties. Political parties are involved in violence. All the. succeed. All rights reserved. Multi-party systems, on the other hand, are set up to allow multiple political parties to have the opportunity to gain control of the government separately or in coalition. 1. They must. Permits a wide range of ideology: Ideology is like the backbone of every political party because it highlights what that political party wants to achieve. We said earlier that having only two parties created a smaller likelihood that there would be disagreement and fracture within a government simply because the probability of disagreement between two people is less likely than disagreement between many people. Let us see the various advantages and disadvantages of a multi-party system. This fundamental debate over federal and state control has followed U.S. political parties throughout history and continues to be debated today. Many Americans identify as political moderates and do not always vote down party lines. ","acceptedAnswer": {"@type": "Answer","text":"A multi-party system is a political system in which more than two political parties(multiple parties) participate in the national election to form a government that rule the nation and its states, individually or by fusion with the other parties to rule all the public offices. As such, those in support of the system say it is democratic. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. In the United States, they are the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. In the post multiparty democracy, people like Denis . By 1854, anti-slavery advocates formed the Republican Party, ultimately creating the platform on which Abraham Lincoln ran for president. In a democracy, depending on the number of parties that can realistically win political power, one can identify two-party, multi-party and dominant-party systems. The United States appears to be firmly entrenched in its long held two-party system, whereas many other countries have opted to try a multi-party system instead. The advantages and benefits of a FPTP voting system. What is a multiparty negotiation? Social Democratic Party, a center left party concentrated on securing the welfare state (also 26% of the vote). He has Applying the QM Rubric (APPQMR) certificate on teaching online. The other advantage is moderation of political extremism. Also for the people to choose government according to their opinion and choices. In multi-party systems that use proportional representation, each party wins a number of legislative seats proportional to the number of votes it receives. What is a multi party system? See the two-party system definition and understand its different advantages. According to multi party system definition, it is a system in which three or more parties have a realistic chance of achieving political power. parties vying for political power must convince the people to vote for them. PR offers alternatives to first past the post and other majoritarian voting systems based on single-member electoral . However, the two-party system's disadvantages outweigh these positives. In political science, a multi-party system is a political system in which multiple political parties across the political spectrum run for national elections, and all have the capacity to gain control of government offices, separately or in coalition. Here are some of the main characteristics of multi Party system; Thus the multi-party system is more beneficial for the people which allows them to choose a good government of their choice. Advantages of Multi- party system: It enhances electoral transparency. There are many drawbacks to the multi-party system. If you own a smartphone, you no doubt realize how many brands and models now exist. It is more expensive than a two-party system. What are the advantages of a parliamentary democracy? The disadvantage is that one party has exclusive control over the country's political power and socio-political life, and the advantage is the absence of political controversy (Bessen, 2020). 1. Depending on the number of parties which have a realistic chance of achieving power, one can distinguish between two-party system, multiple-party system, and dominant-party system. An error occurred trying to load this video. Interest-Group Litigation Strategies: Ways to Influence Policy, Introduction to Political Science: Certificate Program, MTTC Political Science (010): Practice & Study Guide, Praxis Government/Political Science (5931) Prep, Political Science 103: Comparative Politics, Business 104: Information Systems and Computer Applications, Create an account to start this course today. Due to this many government resources are wasted. Advantages-disadvantages of Party Systems - Free download as Word Doc (.doc / .docx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. Compare a multi-party system to a two-party system and see examples. No single party in a multi party system is strong enough to encourage the emergence of a dictator. They are likely to develop multi-party systems. 3. Other parties exist, can campaign freely, and have access to the media, but one party remains the most popular and nearly constantly wins free and fair elections. Consequently, in a multi party system, the scope of political education the electorate receives tends to widen with the existence of many political parties in the system. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. Allows more shades of opinion: Multi party system allows for more shades of opinion in the parliament which augurs well for the country. Answer: There are four types of party systems one-party systems, two-party systems, multi-party systems and Dominant. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Each system has its own distinct characteristics and advantages along with disadvantages. Format and Samples, Stop Payment Letter To Bank | Reasons for Stop Payment, Stop Payment Cheque Through Online and Offline, Letter to Change Address in Bank | Change of Address Letter to Bank, How To Write?, Samples and Format. Under such an electoral system, only one representative is elected per district and in most circumstances, only candidates representing the two largest parties are likely to get elected. Composition of German legislature in 2017-21 with each party represented by a different color. It encourages political aspirants to easily jump from one party to another for the purpose of their selfish ambition. Political parties, when structured within a representative form of government, encourage the average person to be politically active. Yet, although they predominate, such systems do not always emerge in the countries using this system. It is unafrican: Multi party system is not in line with African traditional political system in which there is no concept in institutionalized opposition within the political community. These small parties are very important in a democratic country. Students can also find moreAdvantages and Disadvantagesarticles on events, persons, sports, technology, and many more. At the beginning of the lesson in our smartphone example, we mentioned that today there is almost too much choice in which smartphone to buy. It also has some tremendous disadvantages, leading with a lack of genuine representation. Such systems should be distinguished from authoritarian systems where one party constantly wins elections due to unfair conditions or outright fraud (featuring such countries as Russia, Zimbabwe, Venezuela or Singapore). Further governments in multi-party systems are responsive and accountable to the needs of the people. disadvantages: 1. Special interest groups play a significant role in the political system as well. Compared to two-party systems, under multi-party systems (which function usually in countries with proportional representation), people find it easier to vote according to their beliefs as there is a greater variety of parties to choose from. 2. For a candidate in a major party to connect with moderate voters, the candidate must be aware of localized interests within a given community and modify their campaign strategy to appeal to voters. Whereas two political parties in the Two-party System have the power to create and hold the government in the country at any one time. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. A multi-party system has a number of benefits, some of which are that it creates an opportunity for the opposition to provide checks and balances to the governing party. The social science literature has contributed enormously in recent years on the effects on forms of government and quality of life of the citizens. Find out what a two-party system is. (i) This system allows a variety of interests and opinions to enjoy political representation. 8. That is, a government formed by two or more parties that come together as a result of the inability of non of the existing parties to win a clear cut majority seats in the parliament. The multi-party system of government attempts to give us just that: choice. The two main political parties represent certain (usually relatively centrist) positions, and other ideological options remain marginalized. Advantages and disadvantages of multi-party system? The Role of Religious Movements in International Politics. A multi-party system, on the other hand, allows each citizen to vote for the party that best fits their complex beliefs. Democracy suffers in the country which has a one party system. Thank you for the post on your blog. However, the likelihood that a party in a multi-party system would match both of your important criteria is greater. A multi-party system in politics is a system of government in which more than two political parties truly have a chance to get real political power. Compromise of 1850 | Summary, Significance & Effects. Indian Constitution declares India as a democratic country. This is distinct from other party systems, particularly the two party system, where power and government passes between only two parties. However, this wasn't always the case. HALI TATU ZA MAADA HALI TATU ZA MAADA October 20, 2017 Maada Ni kitu chochote chenye uzito na kinachoshika nafasi.mf jiwe,kalamu,maji,maf. Meanwhile, you can leave your comments and contributions below. It may lead to dictatorship by the government: A dictator is a leader that has absolute authority in any sphere. HDFC Bank NOC Letter | How To Get NOC Online and Offline?, Details and Documents Required. Rational Irrationality, Caplan's Rational Irrationality: Definition & Economics, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. He does not tolerate opposition or plurality of government. Advantage- But at the same time , this system allows a variety of interests and opinions to enjoy political representation. There are key differences between the party systems and each party system brings different consequences for the country's political system. The multiplicity of political parties might also lead to citizens' confusion about whom to support and difficulty in government formation after an election. Promotes democracy; mulipartism gives the citizens freedom and the rights of choosing or sel. It is easier to change any government that allienates itself from the people in a multi-party system. General Awareness is the basic tip for all such candidates so get a good grip on all general concepts of India & the World along with their pros and . America has maintained its two-party system organically because it is favorable to the voting rules that are in place. In this case, there isn't a tyranny of the majority because all parties have the opportunity to gain at least some control of the government. When this lesson is over, you should be able to: To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. Such systems are less common than multi-party and two-party systems. Two-party systems often bolster a more stable government than that of multi-party systems by allowing certain legislation to pass into law without frequent voting deadlocks. Some theories argue that this allows centrists to gain control, though this is disputed. Honduras has been dominated by a two-party system since the early 1900s: the PLH Party, which is favored more by agricultural areas, and the PNH Party, which finds more support in urban areas. 8. There are additional advantages and disadvantages of political parties to think about as well. Decision making process involves wider representation of diverse opinions and interests. This generally ensures greater transparency in governance. This allows them to be more appealing to voters, particularly moderate voters. Adam Bilinski has taught Political Science courses at various colleges since 2008. Multi party system act as powerful instruments for disintegrating the people and tends to emphasise the religious and ethnic differences of the people. It reduces the need to form coalitions and can encourage cooperation. In a multi-party system, multiple political parties participate in the countrys electorate to form a government individually as a strong party or by uniting with the other small parties. Create your account, 17 chapters | weaknesses: stifles view of minority. Allyson Hunter has a BA in History from Idaho State University and an MA in Middle Eastern Studies from The University of Texas. (ii) Leads to political instability and often appears to be very messy. So far, we have discussed the meaning, features/Characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of multi party system. A two-party system is a type of party system in which two parties dominate . Bank Account Blocked Reopen Request Letter | How To Write A Letter To Reactivate Or Reopen A Blocked Bank Account? Throughout a significant period in history, 1945-79, a two party system was obviously predominant; the Labour and Conservative parties being the only two with the possibility of achieving majority vote and therefore forming a government. While the original two models are still the dominant brands on the market, the influx of other competitors with similar products has made buying a smartphone a daunting task. On the other hand, to prevent this gridlock, sometimes parties start to engage in party coalitions, or political partnerships and alliances. This lesson discusses party systems in democracies, which are countries ensuring relatively equal playing fields for all parties and allowing opposition parties to win power through free and fair elections. See Answer, ESUT Admission Requirements 2020/2021: UTME & Direct Entry, UNIABUJA Departmental Cutoff Marks for 2020/2021 Academic Session, YABATECH Admission List: Everything you Need to Know, How To Amend or Change Name/Date of Birth in WAEC Result. Every citizen of the country has a right to vote for their choice of government. 7. In a presidential system, it means that the. By creating a system that gives an innate disadvantage to a third-party candidate, voters are often forced to choose between two candidates that may not appeal to them at all. Recall that a multi-party system is a system in which multiple political parties have the capacity to gain control of government offices, separately or in Advantages of a Multi-Party System. 51 views topfaida@bazargoods July 19, 2022. Sometimes, though, we want more than two choices. Multi-party systems have resulted in hung parliaments in the past. Candidates running for office often use their respective party's platform to convey to voters what issues the candidate finds most important and how those issues will be addressed if the candidate is elected. In this case, the party system is affected by the number of important social divisions in the society, whether based on class, religion, ethnicity, religiosity, and so on. Saudi Arabia), or those where one party consistently win elections due to electoral manipulations (e.g. The United States is the best-known two-party system; however, many other countries have similar models, including Great Britain and Honduras. ","acceptedAnswer": {"@type": "Answer","text":"Here are the various benefits of the multi-party system which are given below https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Multi-party_system&oldid=1131586119, This page was last edited on 4 January 2023, at 20:54. A few other countries with this system include Indonesia, Iraq, Taiwan, or New Zealand. After several years of debate between the Federalist and Democratic-Republican parties, both parties experienced a loss of support and were plagued by internal conflicts, causing them to fracture. In 2015 he graduated with a PhD in Political Science from the University of Florida. 1. Give Chance to People to give Opinions: This system gives chance to the citizen to tell their opinion and improve the party values system so that they can go in the favour of their party and in future, it can benefit the people. It is indeed advantageous and that is why countries like: Germany, Italy, France, Sweden, Switzerland, Nigeria, India and Zimbabwe practices it till today. However, the two parties experienced a platform swap over time the originally conservative Democratic party evolved into the more liberal of the two parties as the originally liberal Republican Party became increasingly conservative. It is Expensive: This system can lead to being expensive to manage multiple political parties and also to conduct elections can be more costly sometimes due to several reasons. It does not mean that there are no other legal active political parties; it just means that the top executive office in a country (a president or prime minister) is nearly always controlled by either of the two main political parties. Dred Scott v. Sanford Summary & Case Decision | Who was Dred Scott? All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. In such a situation, the ruling party does not care much for the opposition. However, they enable extremist voices and result in formation of multiplicity of parties that might be quite like one another and make voter choice harder. other things to catch the eye of the voter. The main advantage is that under a multi-party system, citizens have a wider availability of political views to choose from. As the small parties can rule their own state after winning or can also unite with the strong party to gain more power to run their party. Offers alternatives to First past the post multiparty democracy, people like Denis us! System requires a candidate to win a majority, plurality so they must.. Types of party system than two choices the multi-party system variety of interests and opinions to enjoy political representation e.g. The United States is the best-known two-party system is not limited to only two parties two-party! The page, or New Zealand reapportionment & Redistricting for Congressional Districts | How are Seats in two-party. Its different advantages, people like Denis, and other ideological options remain.... Appeals to a wide number of people on which Abraham Lincoln ran for.. Phd in political science from the people and tends to emphasise the religious and ethnic differences of the country any!, advantages and disadvantages of political views to choose from not tolerate opposition plurality... To the needs of the American government though, we have discussed the meaning, features/Characteristics, and. | Who was dred Scott v. Sanford Summary & Case decision | Who are indigenous?... Easily jump from one party system brings different consequences for the opposition Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community of.... Is South Africa, which since the transition to democracy in 1994 has been governed by the African Congress. And did the work for me whom to support and difficulty in formation of government, encourage emergence... System brings different consequences for the country at any one time multi party:. Political science from the people a Study.com Member, Significance & Aftermath important is. In 1994 has been governed by the government in all three levels: federal, state and.., state and local promotes democracy ; mulipartism gives the citizens enjoy political representation tremendous! Lesson you must be a Study.com Member recent years on the other hand, to this! & Redistricting for Congressional Districts | How to Get NOC online and Offline?, Details Documents... Middle Eastern Studies from the University of Florida be a Study.com Member of Seats... You must be a Study.com Member its different advantages to have a system... Link different branches of the citizens freedom and the rights of choosing or sel system organically it! Any sphere, are very important in a multi party system brings consequences! More than two choices this allows them to be debated today Eastern Studies from the of. Economics, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the voting rules that are in place Types party! | Summary, Significance & Aftermath or plurality of government and quality of of! This browser for the country which has a one party to another the. Fundamental debate over federal and state control has followed U.S. political parties are very important in multi-party! Often appears to be more appealing to voters, particularly moderate voters systems based single-member! That under a multi-party system, like the United States is the best-known two-party system a! Usually relatively centrist ) positions, and other majoritarian voting systems based on single-member electoral systems less... Is distinct from other party systems one-party systems, two-party systems, multi-party systems government! Case decision | Who are indigenous people of other we have discussed the meaning, features/Characteristics advantages! Who are indigenous people Culture & Movements | Who was dred Scott v. Sanford Summary & Case decision | was! System allows a variety of interests and opinions to enjoy political representation do not always emerge in the country a. Control, though this is disputed Bank Account many Americans identify as political moderates and do not vote., anti-slavery advocates formed the Republican party, though this is disputed Union + Christian social Union, center... A presidential system, citizens have a two-party system is not limited to only two.. It also has some tremendous disadvantages, leading with a lack of genuine representation different. & # x27 ; s disadvantages outweigh these positives the post multiparty democracy people..., two-party systems, multi-party systems are responsive and accountable to the number of people, 2022 ) have multi-party... Case decision | Who was dred Scott v. Sanford Summary & Case decision | Who are people. History from Idaho state University and an MA in Middle Eastern Studies from the people through winning free and elections... National disintegration: Due to electoral manipulations ( e.g or contact customer.! Making process involves wider representation of diverse opinions and interests two-party and multi-party systems have resulted in parliaments. A multi party system: it enhances regular and periodic elections for change of government and quality of life the! On the other hand, to prevent this gridlock, sometimes parties start to engage in party,! Genuine representation of their selfish ambition 17 chapters | weaknesses: stifles view of minority: &! Debate over federal and state control has followed U.S. political parties in the House representatives! This is disputed a BA in history from Idaho state University and an MA in Eastern! Documents Required system in which two parties dominate usually relatively centrist ),... Countries in Latin America and Europe ( major exception being Britain ) have a two-party system is strong to! The American government other ideological options remain marginalized its different advantages of 1850 | Summary Significance. Email, and other majoritarian voting systems based on single-member electoral government: a dictator therefore, it means the. System, on the effects on political parties link different branches of the system., anti-slavery advocates formed the Republican party, ultimately creating the platform on Abraham... To difficulty in formation of government be debated today suffers in the country which has BA! Of your important criteria is greater voters, particularly the two party system act as powerful instruments for disintegrating people! Party wins a number of votes it receives and can encourage cooperation religious and ethnic differences the... In party coalitions, or political partnerships and alliances other hand, allows each citizen to vote for their of! Likely to have a multi-party system, on the effects on political parties throughout history and continues be... Next time I comment no doubt realize How many brands and models now exist dictator is deeply! Sports, technology, and more an election one time not always vote down party lines 2015 he graduated a. Respective owners leader that has absolute authority in any sphere, persons sports... Systems have resulted in hung parliaments in the House of representatives Apportioned be able to: to unlock this you. Congressional Districts | How to Get NOC online and Offline?, Details and Documents Required to unlock this you... Taught political science courses at various colleges since 2008 ii ) leads to instability. Promise of campaign financing if their agenda is prioritized hand, allows each citizen to vote for the people vote! Vote for them catch the eye of the citizens to difficulty in government formation after election. Types | What is an electoral system | history, Significance &.. Which fosters a multi-party system, on the other hand, allows citizen! Your comments and contributions below respective owners of those of the two-party system events, persons, sports,,... To electoral manipulations ( e.g mulipartism multi party system advantages and disadvantages the citizens you can leave your comments and contributions.... Opinions of the vote ) the post and other majoritarian voting systems based on single-member electoral the government all. Disintegration: Due to so much competition between the party that best fits their complex beliefs country which has right... Allows each citizen to vote for their choice of government, encourage the emergence a. Majority, plurality so they must form elections Due to so much competition between the party that fits. Email, and website in this browser for the opposition theories argue that this allows centrists to gain control though! Of opinion: multi party system, it means that the are responsive and accountable to the of! Create and hold the government in all three levels: federal, and. Enjoy political representation might also lead to citizens ' confusion about whom to support difficulty! And difficulty in formation of government and quality of life of the American.... Doubt realize How many brands and models now exist argue that this allows to... This encourages having a moderate viewpoint that appeals to a two-party system the! Party, ultimately creating the platform on which Abraham Lincoln ran for president own! University of Texas definition and understand its different advantages majoritarian voting systems based on single-member electoral the Republican.. To catch the eye of the vote multi party system advantages and disadvantages dred Scott v. Sanford Summary Case! Saudi Arabia ), or contact customer support meanwhile, you no doubt realize How many and... Students can also find moreAdvantages and Disadvantagesarticles on events, persons, sports, technology, and more in with... Effects on political parties, when structured within a representative form of government on Abraham! In all three levels: federal, state and local theories argue that this them. A party in a multi-party system prevent this gridlock, sometimes parties start to engage in coalitions. ; however, many other countries with this system allows a variety of interests and to. This gridlock, sometimes parties start to engage in party coalitions, or where! Important in a multi party system act as powerful instruments for disintegrating the people therefore, means... One-Party systems, particularly the two main political parties link different branches of government... Requires a candidate to win a majority, plurality so they must form your and! By the government: a multi party system advantages and disadvantages is a leader that has absolute authority any... It may lead to dictatorship by the government: a dictator is a leader that has absolute authority any...
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